Dutch airline KLM and the country's military police confirmed the death on Wednesday afternoon (early on Thursday AEDT).
The Embraer E190STD plane was preparing to take off from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol for a short flight north to Billund in central Denmark when the tragedy happened.
"A fatal incident took place at Schiphol today during which a person ended up in a running aircraft engine," KLM said.
"Sadly, this person has died."
The airline said it was "taking care of" passengers and employees who saw the incident.
Both KLM and the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee confirmed they were investigating the incident.
"All passengers and employees of the flight in question have been disembarked and are being taken care of," the military police said, on X, formerly Twitter.
Flight KL1341 was delayed for several hours but eventually took off shortly after 8.30pm (4.30pm on Thursday AEST).
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Schiphol is a major aviation hub for planes flying into Europe.
Last year, 61.9 million passengers landed at the six-runway airport, along with almost 1.4 million tonnes of cargo.
